The skull is a bony structure, and its purpose is protecting the brain from any damage.  If the injury to the head occurs, there is always a risk of brain damage.  Also, it should always be assumed, that if there is a risk of head injury then there is also a risk of spine injury and neck injury.

You should suspect a head, neck or spine injury in case of the following accidents:  

• Car or motorcycle accident, even minor bump can cause internal head injury  
• Fall from height  
• Injury to the head, fight, sporting event, etc. 
• Electrocution

You should suspect a head, neck or spine injury if the symptoms below follow the accident:  

• Lack of responsiveness or moaning  
• Vision problems or confusion 
• Trouble walking or moving  
• Seizures, Vomiting, or Headache  

Steps for administering First Aid:  

• As always, make sure the scene is safe for you and the victim(s)  
• Phone or ask someone to phone 911  
• Hold the neck and head so it does not move, twist or bend  
• Turn the victim only if: *victim is in danger, *if you need to check if the victim is breathing, *if the victim is vomiting          
• If the victim does not respond, begin CPR

Important: If you must turn, make sure you are holding the head and neck in place to avoid/minimize movement, twisting or bending. Ideally, this requires two rescuers.